PostgreSQL performance problems are not solved by creating more indexes blindly. This post explains how to read EXPLAIN ANALYZE, when Seq Scan is acceptable, how composite index ordering works, when partial indexes help, and how to tune sorting and pagination queries in practice.
When Kafka Consumer Lag spikes, simply scaling consumers is often not enough. This post walks through practical incident analysis: distinguishing broker issues from consumer issues, checking partition imbalance, spotting retry storms, and finding downstream bottlenecks that actually caused the lag.
On February 26, 2026, the PostgreSQL project released PostgreSQL 18.3, 17.9, 16.13, and related patch versions as an out-of-cycle update. This post explains what backend teams should learn from that release.
A monthly report covering the most important Cloud, AI, DevOps, Backend, Architecture, and Incident trends for practitioners in April 2026, plus the checkpoints worth watching next month.
A practical weekly summary of the most important Cloud, AI, DevOps, Backend, Architecture, and Incident trends for the third week of April 2026.
A practical guide to turning AI Agents into real services. Covers Tool Calling, Planner/Executor separation, session state management, human-in-the-loop workflows, failure handling, and cost control.
A practical design for the workflow of an AI stock investment Agent. Covers routing, query parsing, screening, retrieval analysis, quantitative analysis, risk evaluation, and final report composition.
A practical implementation blueprint for a RAG-based stock investment Agent using FastAPI, PostgreSQL, pgvector, Redis, async workers, and domain-separated service modules.
A practical guide to event-driven architecture in microservices. Covers when it fits, where synchronous boundaries still matter, event schema design, idempotency, traceability, and operational complexity.
A practical guide to handling failed Kafka messages with Dead Letter Queues. Covers when to retry, when to send to DLQ, what metadata to keep, and how to design safe replay workflows.
A practical incident guide for diagnosing database connection exhaustion. Covers application pool configuration, slow queries, connection leaks, traffic spikes, and a step-by-step recovery approach.
How to build a microservices API Gateway with Spring Cloud Gateway. Routing, filters, JWT auth, rate limiting, circuit breaking, and load balancing — all with production-ready code.
Step-by-step JVM tuning for Spring Boot production servers. GC algorithm selection, heap sizing, GC logging, OOM response, and container environment pitfalls — all from real-world practice.
From WebFlux fundamentals to real-world implementation. Mono/Flux, Router Function, R2DBC, error handling, testing, and a performance comparison with MVC — all production-focused.
Practical comparison of Redis Standalone, Sentinel, and Cluster architectures. Differences explained and selection criteria by service scale from an engineering perspective.
How to build a production-grade AI model inference server with FastAPI and uvicorn. Covers async processing, batch inference, GPU utilization, and Kubernetes deployment.
Failure patterns you actually encounter when running Redis in production, and how to diagnose them. Case-by-case solutions for OOM, connection exhaustion, blocked clients, replication lag, and more.
How to design production AI Agent systems. A practical guide covering the ReAct pattern, Tool Use, Memory management, Multi-Agent orchestration, and safety design.
How to reliably operate LLM-based services in production. Covers cost management, latency optimization, incident response, and monitoring — all from real-world experience.
A practical comparison of MongoDB and PostgreSQL. Data models, performance, transactions, and operational costs — selection criteria from a real-world engineering perspective.
Step-by-step guide to building a Redis Cluster from scratch. 6-node setup, slot distribution, client connections, and failover handling — all production-focused.
The role and design patterns of an API Gateway. Comparing Kong, AWS API Gateway, and Nginx, with practical setup for auth, rate limiting, routing, and circuit breaking.