When a service must both update its database and publish an event, the dual-write problem appears quickly. This post explains why the Outbox Pattern matters, how to design the outbox table, how publisher workers operate, and how to handle retries, duplicates, and production observability.
PostgreSQL performance problems are not solved by creating more indexes blindly. This post explains how to read EXPLAIN ANALYZE, when Seq Scan is acceptable, how composite index ordering works, when partial indexes help, and how to tune sorting and pagination queries in practice.
On February 26, 2026, the PostgreSQL project released PostgreSQL 18.3, 17.9, 16.13, and related patch versions as an out-of-cycle update. This post explains what backend teams should learn from that release.
A practical incident guide for diagnosing database connection exhaustion. Covers application pool configuration, slow queries, connection leaks, traffic spikes, and a step-by-step recovery approach.
Practical comparison of Redis Standalone, Sentinel, and Cluster architectures. Differences explained and selection criteria by service scale from an engineering perspective.
A practical comparison of MongoDB and PostgreSQL. Data models, performance, transactions, and operational costs — selection criteria from a real-world engineering perspective.
Step-by-step guide to building a Redis Cluster from scratch. 6-node setup, slot distribution, client connections, and failover handling — all production-focused.